Vaginal mycosis, or vulvovaginal candidiasis, is an inflammatory condition of the vagina caused by fungal microorganisms—yeasts. It initially manifests as itching, followed by burning and redness of the genital area. The most common cause is the Candida albicans strain, leading to the term “candidiasis.” Yeast infections are very common, affecting approximately 75% of women at least once in their lives. About 50% of these women experience recurrent infections, and 20% suffer from chronic conditions. Yeasts that cause mycosis are normally present in small amounts along with other bacteria in the vagina. They are part of the normal vaginal environment and do not cause any issues until they multiply excessively, disrupting vaginal balance and resulting in typical symptoms of mycosis. Additional risk factors include diabetes and excessive sugar consumption. Improper hygiene, whether insufficient or excessive (such as frequent douching), can also contribute to mycosis. Tight synthetic underwear, snug clothing, and wet swimsuits create a warm, moist environment that facilitates infection. Injury to the vaginal mucosa, such as during intercourse, also increases the risk of developing mycosis.

Penile mycosis is an inflammatory condition that can affect the glans and the foreskin. It can arise from various causes, including poor hygiene, weakened immunity, or transmission during sexual intercourse. Symptoms of penile mycosis include itching, burning, or pain in the glans, followed by the appearance of red spots or blisters. Treatment is straightforward, and both partners should be treated.